Extended Table of Contents from New Evidence for Two Human Origins

Revised: April 28, 2015
Thank you for visiting my blog on my book New Evidence for Two Human Origins: Discoveries That Reconcile the Bible and Science. Here is an extended table of contents that may be helpful to communicate to you the topics that are discussed in this book: CAUTION: THIS EXTENDED TABLE OF CONTENTS IS BEING UPDATED FROM THE 2009 EDITION TO THE 2015 EDITION. IT IS NOT ALL CORRECT!

Contents…………………………………………………………………...vii

List of Charts………………………………………………………..……....x

Chart 1: Relative Order of Events Relevant to the Thesis..............................7

Chart 2: Actual Life Spans of Adam’s Descendants…..................................16

Chart 3: Potential Life Spans of Four Generations after a Mixed
Marriage between the Races…………………………….……......................25

Chart 4: How Close Shem’s Life Span Is to One of His
Probable Life Spans…………………………….……….……......................27

Chart 5: How Close Arpachshad’s Life Span Is to One of
His Probable Life Spans………………………………….…….....................28

Chart 6: How Close Shelah’s Life Span Is to His One most
Probable Life Span…….……………………………………….....................33

Chart 7: How Close Eber’s Life Span Is to His One Most
Probable Life Span………………………..……………………....................34

Chart 8: How Close Peleg’s Life Span Is to One of His Most
Probable Life Span………....………..……………………………................37

Chart 9: How Close Reu’s Life Span Is to One of His
Probable Life Spans…………………………..……………….......................39

Chart 10: How Close Serug’s Life Span Is to One of His
Probable Life Spans…………….……….…………………….......................40

Chart 11: How Close Nahor I’s Life Span Is to One of His
Probable Life Spans…………….……………………………........................43

Chart 12: How Close Terah’s Life Span Is to One of His
Probable Life Spans…………….……………………………........................47

Chart 13: How Close Abraham’s Life Span Is to One of His
Probable Life Spans…………….……………………………........................49

Chart 14: How Close Isaac’s Life Span Is to One of His Probable
Life Spans………………………………………………….….......................51

Chart 15: Family Tree Back to Noah with Potential and Actual
Life Spans…………………………………………………......................52-55

Chart 16: Known Life Spans Compared with Probable
Theoretical Life Spans…………………………………………....................59

Chart 17: The Meaning of the Hebrew Word ’ed in Job 36:27…………......98

Chart 18: The Narrative through the Merging of the Races…………….....107

Chart 19: Implications of the Phrase "the sons of God"...............................136

Chart 20: The Structure of the Book of Genesis……………….....……….146

Chart 21: An Erroneous Interpretation……………………….....………....147

Chart 22: Outline of Genesis…………………………………….....….......152

Chart 23: God’s Two Methods of Creation……………………….........….154

Chart 24: Increase in Human Traits with Time…………….….……....200-201

Chart 25: An Example of Descent in Which Eve’s mtDNA Would
Not Have Been Passed Down After the Flood……......................................214

Chart 26: A Simple Example of Historical Genetics………………….........215

Chart 27: Relating Solar Days to Creation Days……………………...251

Chart 28: The Aspects of Creation……………………..………...…..268

Chart 29: The Framework Hypothesis………………………………..282

Chart 30: Criteria Used by the Author to Order the Creation
Account………………………………………………………..........285

Chart 31: The Comparison Paul Makes in Romans 5 between
Adam’s Sin and Christ’s Act of Righteousness………………..............324

Chart 32: The View That the “First Man” Means That Adam
Was the First Man of the Human Race…………….............................341

Chart 33: The View That the “First Man” Means That Adam
Was the First Man of Adam’s Race…..………….…………..............343

Chart 34: The View That the "First Man" Means That Adam
Was the First Man of Christ's Genealogy............................................344


List of Tables……………………..……………………………..........x

Table1: Actual Biblical Life Spans………………………………........13


Table 2: Some Possible Potential Life Spans for Serug’s
Wife………………………………………………………................41

Table 3: Some Possible Life Spans for Nahor I’s Wife…..……….......46

Table 4: Some Possible Life Spans for Terah’s Wife……..………......48

Table 5: God’s Common Method of Naming…………………….......115

Table 6: Features Requiring Finely Tuned Design……………...........168

Table 7: Expected and Actual Sets of Numerals Used to
Label the Creation Days………………………………....................236

Table 8: God’s Normal Steps in His Acts of Establishing……….......266

Table 9: Similarity of Words in Genesis and Acts……………...........360


Preface to Third Edition………….…...……………………….........xiii

Preface to Second Edition………….…...………………………......xiv

Preface to First Edition………………….……………………….…xv

Introduction and Thesis………………………………………………1

Espousing a Secular View of Life

A Word about the View of Divine Accommodation

Alleged Conflicts between Science and the Bible

My Approach

The Purposes of This Book

Alternate Dating of Old Testament Events


PART I: EVIDENCE FOR A PRE-ADAMIC RACE FROM A COMPARISON OF BIBLICAL GENEALOGIES

1 The Sharp Decline in Life Span Requires a Genetic Cause…………..11

Living for 900 Years

The Key to the Past

A Sharp Decline in Life Spans

Genetics Not Environment

The Decreases in Life Spans Correlate with Historical Events

Evidence from the Decrease in Reproductive Maturity

Genetic Discoveries

Average of Parents’ Potential Life Spans

2 Life Spans of Noah’s Son and Grandson Reveal Intermarriage…….....…21

Unraveling the Hidden Mystery

The Potential Life Spans of Noah’s Wife and Shem’s Wife

3 Life Spans Hold While They Dwell at Babel—Then Drop…….……..31

Shelah’s Life Span Falls near His One Probable Life Span

Eber’s Life Span Falls near His One Probable Life Span

Peleg’s Life Span Falls near One of His Two Probable Life Spans

Reu’s Life Span Falls near One of His Two Probable Life Spans

Serug’s Life Span Falls near One of His Two Probable Life Spans

Nahor I’s Life Span Falls Quite Near One of His Five Probable Life
Spans

Chapter Summary

4 Thesis Confirmed by Terah’s, Abraham’s, and Isaac’s Life Spans.......45

Terah’s Life Span Is near a Probable Life Span

Abraham’s Life Span Is near a Probable Life Span

Isaac’s Life Span Is near a Probable Potential Life Span

Potential Life Spans of Our Bible Friends

5 More Evidence from Ishmael’s Life Span and Summary……………..57

Ishmael’s Actual Life Span Also Yields Evidence for a Dual-Origin
Thesis

Summary of the Evidence from Decreasing Life Spans

A Startling Hypothesis

PART II: EVIDENCE FOR A PRE-ADAMIC RACE FROM BIBLICAL NARRATIVES

6 A Dual-Origin Thesis Fits the Genesis Narrative..........................................……………….65

The Preciseness of the Bible

Why is This Understanding of the Bible Just Now Coming to Light

The First Creation Account Fits a Pre-Agriculural Era, but the Second Creation Account Fits the Agriculural Era

In the First Account the Earth Is Full of Vegetation When God Creates Mankind, but the Earth Is Quite Different in the Second Chapter

Naming the Animals

God's Test of Adam and Eve

A Tiny Prefix Makes a Large Difference in Meaning

Genesis 2:4 Closes Out the First Chapter of Genesis

The Hebrew Conjunction Becomes the Key

Genesis 2:4 Must Look Backward Because Hebrew Syntax Demands It.

The Error of Dividing Genesis 2:4 into Two Sentences

An Example Where No Conjunction Is Included before "These"

In Hebrew Almost Every Clause Begins with a Conjunction

No Conjunction before the Formula: No Conjunction after It

No Conjunction Before the Formula, But a Conjunction after Its Clause

A Conjunction before the Formula

Conclusion

Genesis 2:5 and What Follows Are Set at a Time After the Creation of Genesis 1.

The Narrative May Inform the Reader When the Next Event Has Taken Place or Will Take Place (Gen. 10:32-11:2)

How Should Genesis 2:5 Be Understood?

Genesis 11:10: No Conjunction before "These are..." and No Conjunction after "These are..."

Should the Creation Account of the Garden of Eden Alter My Conclusion about Genesis 2:5?

Does the Pluperfect Matter?

A Discussion of Additional Examples of the Presence or Absence of  the Hebrew Conjunction to Help Us Understand How It Was Used

Setting the Narrative Back to a Previous Time

Examples in Which a Conjunction Is Employed and in Which No conjunction I Employed

Conclusion

Some Implications

Dispelling the Myths from “Mist”

“Refine,” Not “Distill”

“Into,” Not “From”

The Possessive Pronoun Its (-o) Must Be Translated

The Condensation of the Water into Rain Is Compared to Refining
Metal

Where Did the Motive to Translate 'ed by “Mist” Come From?

An Explanation of the Above Translation

The Dual-Origin Thesis Best Explains the Expression “Book of the
Generations of Adam”

The Lord God Formed a Man

Is the Dual-Origin Thesis Contradicted in Genesis 5?

Does the Meaning of the Hebrew Word Adam in Genesis 1:26 and 27
Determine Its Meaning in Genesis 5:1 and 2?

Similar Words

Summary

7 The Genesis Narrative Relates Two Methods of Creation…………………........…..117

A Note on the Above Translation

Where Do the "Men," "The Sons of God," and the "Giants" Lead Us?

Who Are the "Men" of Genesis 6:1-2?

The Sons of God Are Not the Descendants of Adam's Son, Seth

Who Were the Nephilim?

A Proper Understanding of Genesis 6:1-8

The Race of Adam's Descendants Was Finished

Why the sons of God Must Have Been Fallen Angels

What Does "[H]is days shall be one hundred and twenty years" Mean?

After What?

The Way Genesis 6:1-7 Should Be Understood

The Bible Limits Its Dealing with Mankind to the Local Area of
Mesopotamia

A Third Race of Men

How Can We Harmonize a Local Flood Scenario with God's Noahic Covenant?

Only the Gospel of Jesus Christ Is God’s Power to Save

God Blots Out “the Man”

A Superhuman Race

Why the Whole Global Race Could Have Reached a Life Span of
120 Years

Contrasting the Sons of God with the Daughters of Men

To Be Descended from the Heavens and the Earth Indicates to Be Evolved from the Heavens and the Earth

The Descendants of the Heavens and the Earth Form a Basic
Skeleton

A Paraphrase

Narrowing in on “These are the generations…”

Narrowing in on the Meaning of “the Heavens and the Earth”

A Revealing Layout of the Book of Genesis

Root Meanings

Summary

Chapter Postscript

PART III: EVIDENCE FOR DESCENT WITH CREATIVE DESIGN

8 Scientific Evidence for Descent of the Animals....................................................159

God Teaches Jacob a Lesson on the Science of Genetics

God Must Have Created New Species through Descent

The Bible and Science Both Teach Origins by Descant

Why Might God Have Created the Animals through Descent?

Methods That God Could Have Used to Create the Biosphere

Evidenced for the Existence of God from the Preciseness of God's Creative Acts

The Anthropic Principle

Some Problems with the Theory of Evolution

Harmonizing Descent and Creationism

Transitional Fossils

Evidence for the Descent of the Horse from the Eohippus?

Evidence for the Descent of Mammals

The Five-Digit Homology

Evidence of Descending Species from Vestigial Organs

Hind Legs on Snakes

Evidence of Descending Species from Pseudogenes

Evidence for Theistic Evolution from Retrotransposons

Evidence of Descending Species from Geological Distribution of Species

Evidence of Descending Species from Transitional Forms

The Story of the Whale

Summary of the Story of the Whale

Understanding the Genome

The Creation of New Species

The Baldwin Effect

Exploratory Behavior

Compartments

Neural Crest Cells

Ecological Influence on the Development of Species

Conclusion

9 Does a Theory of Human Descent Oppose Science?.....................................................199

Pre-Human Fossils

The Fossils Show a Transition in Traits from Ape-Like to Human-Like

Australopithicus Africanus

Could Homo Habilis Talk?

Could H. Erectus Speak?

Multiplication of Tools Has Been Extremely Slow

Increasing Helplessness of the Babies at Birth and the Propensity for Social Interaction

The Coming of Migration between Islands

Homo Erectus' Skeletal Features

The Larger Brain Size of H. Erectus

Could Early H. Sapiens Talk?

Neanderthals

What Are "Mosaic" Fossils?

The Multiregional Hypothesis vs. the Out-of-Africa Hypothesis

Applying the Field of Genetics to Questions of Origins

Founder Mutations

Which Races Share Genome with Neanderthal and Denisovan?

Marker M168

How Did God Create the First Pre-Adamic Race?

What Does It Mean to Be Human?

Hobbits

Coming of Accountability

Conclusion

PART IV: RECONCILING LONG CREATION DAYS WITH THE BIBLE

10 Were the Creation Days Twenty-Four-Hour Days?..................................................229

Interpretation Depends Upon at Least Four Factors

The Seemingly Long Appearance of the Creation Days

A Revealing Subtlety in Genesis

The Key to Understanding the Days of Creation

Some Erroneous Interpretations

The Author's Choice of Numerals

An Unlikelihood

An Illogical Interpretation

A Contradiction

The Hebrew Twenty-Four-Hour Day Ended in the Evening

The Indestructible Day

In the Evening-Morning Formula the Twelve-Hour Day Is Assumed

Too Imprecise

A Different Basis of Definition

The Contemporary Hebrew

The Remaining Occurrences of the Evening and Morning Formula

Proper Assumptions

More Observations Concerning the Creation Days

God's Work Day

Moses' Contemporary Readers

A Flowing Narrative

Moses Did Not Have an Alternative Word to Use for Age

A Moving Flowing Expression

Passages Which State God Created Everything in Six Days

Viewing God's Creation Week from a Scientific Perspective

11. Why the author Arranged the Creation account as He Did............................................253

Chapter Introduction

I.  The Historical Setting

II. The Division of Genesis 1 into two Creation Accounts

A. The Hebrew Verbs

B. The Two accounts of the Creation of the Luminaries

C. The Two Approaches of the two Accounts

1. The Emphasis upon the Daily Cycles in the Second Account

2. The difference between the Subjects of the Two Creation Accounts

3. The Words Create and Make

III. The Building Blocks of Genesis1:2-2:3

A. The Aspects Are Eight in Number

B. God's Normative Procedure in Establishing His Created Works in the Manner of Job 28:27

C. The reason for the author' Holding to These Steps

IV. the Author Leads the Reader to Visualize God's Creative Acts

A. The Formula And It Was So

B.  Reasons for So Much Repetition

V. The Identity of the Light Bearers in Both Accounts

A. The Lack of Reference to the source of Light

B. The Identical Purposes for the Light

C. God's Pronouncement upon the Light

D. The System of Light Bearers was Required to Produce Day and Night

E. Naming the Light

F. A Violation of Purpose

VI. Interpreting Days 1 and 4

VII. The ordering of Creation Events as Influenced by a Logical Progression through Time

VIII. The Dual Triad Arrangement

IX. Putting It All Together

A. Order of the Narrative Not Entirely Chronological

B. The Author's "Building Blocks"

C. A Summary of the two Triads

D. Summarizing the Author's Criteria for Determining the Order

E. The Author's Use of Simplification

1. Simplification by Consolidation

2. Simplification through a Narrative Genre

X. Relating the Scientific Scenario to the Bible narrative

A. "Let There Be Light"

B. "Let There Be an Expanse..."

C. "Let the Dry Land Appear"

D. "Let the Earth Sprout Vegetation"

E. "Let There Be Lights in the Expanse"

F. "Let the Waters Teem with Swarms of Living Creatures"

G. "Let the Earth Bring forth Living Creatures"

H. "Let Us Make Man"

XI. Alternative Interpretations

A. Interpreting the Text as Saying That the Luminaries Became Visible on Day 4

B. Interpreting "Made" as "Brought Forth"

PART V: WHY THIS THESIS DOES NOT CONTRADICT OTHER BIBLE PASSAGES

12 What About Noah's Flood--Wasn't It Universal?.........................................................297

What about Peter's Words

Does the Genesis Account Require the Flood to Be Universal

Dating the Flood

Are the Remains of the Ark on Mt. Ararat?

Why the Ark?

What about the Numerous Flood Myths?

The Problem

How Flood Stories Might Form Naturally

The Flood Stories That Resemble the Biblical Account
\
Were There Tale-Bearing Visitors before 1492?

Possibly the Most Likely Solution

Nu-u and the Hawaiian Tradition

The Flood Story in Alaska

Conclusion

New Year Observances

Chapter Conclusion

13 Was Adam the First Man to Sin?......................................................................315

Doesn't the Bible Teach That Sin Entered the Human Race at the Time of Adam?

Justification by Faith

Understanding the Two Types of Sin

The Origin of Man's Sinfulness

Adam's Sin Passed to All Men by Imputation

Are We Guilty of Adam's Transgression Because We Were in Adam and a Part of Adam When He Sinned?

Another Incorrect View of How sin Is Passed from Adam

A Contrast between the Results of Adam's Sin and the Results of Christ's Obedience

Paul's Use of the Article Reveals the True Meaning of Romans 5:12

What the Greek Verb Indicates

Summary

14 Other Verses That Seem to Contradict the Dual-Origin Thesis.................................331

Was Eve the Mother of the Whole Human Race?

What About the Plain Statement in Exodus 20 and 31, Stating That God Created the Heavens and the Earth in Six Days?

Does the Biblical Phrase After Their Kind Mean That the Animals Were Not Created by Descent?

What Does It Mean to Be "in Adam"?

Doesn't Ecclesiastes Teach That God Made Adam with a Righteous Nature?

A Challenging Verse: 1 Corinthians 15:45

The Text Does Not Say "the Second Adam" but "the last Adam"

The Spiritual Body Replaces the Fleshly Body

Christ, the First in His Own Lineage

Three Interpretations

No Contradiction

Interpretations Found in Bible Commentaries

A Textual Variant

"The First Man" Contrasted with "the Second Man" (1 Cor. 15:47)

What does Bearing the Image of Adam Mean?

Was Man Created at the Beginning or the End of the Creation Account?

Did Paul Teach That all Peoples Descended from One Man?

Conclusion

A Possible Interpretation

William M. Ramsay's View

But What If the Word "Blood" Were Included?

Didn't Paul Teach That Womankind All Came From Adam through Eve?

Paul Has Nothing against Women

The Context

The Two Purposes for the Veil

"The Woman Belongs to the Man" Is the Best Translation

But What About the Words "Adam Who Was First Created" in 1 Timothy 2:13?

Conclusion

PART VI: PERSONALLY APPLYING THESE NEW DISCOVERIES

15 Correcting Where We Went Amiss.........................................................371

The Firm Historical Basis of the Christian Faith

Returning to Faith in God's Revelation of Truth

Dealing with the Problem of Evil

God's Plan Involved Suffering and Death

Why Does God Hide Himself from Us?

Why Must We Have Faith?

The Uncertainty Principle

Why Did God Wait Until the time of Adam and Eve to Test Mankind?

Explaining a Dual Origin Creation to Our Children and Grandchildren

Dealing with the Concept of Human Origins from Descent

Appendix……………………………………………………………….384

A. A Critic of Robert Jamieson’s Reasons for Rejecting a Similar Thesis

B. Calculations Showing Why Lamech Was Probably of Pure Adamic “Blood”

C. Calculations for the Potential Life Spans of Bethuel’s Wife and Others

D. A Study of the Hebrew Conjunction in Regards to the Formula “These Are the Generations of…”

E. Understanding the Purposes of the Hebrew Conjunctions in the Account of God's Eden Project

E. Evidence from the Hebrew Article That Genesis 5:1 Should Read, “In the day when God created Adam [not man]”

F. Reasons for Placing the Garden of Eden along the Median River

G. Support for the View that “One Hundred and Twenty Years” Means Individual Life Spans

H. An Interesting Way in Hebrew of Setting the Stage

I. The Error of Translating “Made” as “Brought Forth” with Regard to the Lights

J. Traditional Views on the Location of the Docking of Noah’s Ark

K. A List of Occurrences of Sin in Romans, Showing Whether or Not Paul Included the Article

L. Does Romans 9:3-6 Contradict the Rule Which Limits the Use of the Greek Preposition ek

M. Why the Common Translations of 1 Corinthians 11:8 and 12 Are in
     Error

N. A Short Rebuttal against the View of Divine Accommodation


Notes…………………………………………………………………….453
Index………………………………………………………….…………469
Index of Selected Biblical References…...……………………………..474